IMMIGRATION AND EMIGRATION RATES
Colombia is considered one of the countries with the most migration in the region. Data on emigration comes from the 2005 Census. The census takers identified the number of persons in each census household who had gone to live abroad permanently, inquiring about destination and period of emigration. The 2009 report prepared by the National Department of Statistics (DANE) states that the total number of Colombians living abroad is 3,378,345.
Immigration to Colombia has been limited and only until ten years the presence of foreigners has subtly increased due to greater investor confidence. Regarding the situation of immigrants in Colombia, the data point to a total of 109.971 people from others countries such as the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela, Ecuador, United States of America and Spain. The number of immigrants in the country corresponds to 0.27% of the total population (DANE, 2005). The percentage participation by continents of origin is: (43.3%) South America (31.2%) North America, America Central and the Caribbean (13.8%), and Europe (11.0%). Asia, Oceania and Africa are the less coming from foreign continents.
The System of current Integral Social security in Colombia was instituted by the Law 100 of 1993 and it assembles in a coordinated way a set of entities, norms and procedures to which there can have access the persons and the community with the main end of guaranteeing a quality of life that is according to the human dignity. It does part of the System of Social Protection together with politics, norms and procedures of labor protection and social work.
In accordance with the Law 100 of 1993, the System of Integral Social security in Colombia consists of the systems of pensions, of health and of labor risks and of the complementary social services.
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Sistema General de Pensiones
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Sistema General de Seguridad Social en Salud.
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Sistema General de Riesgos Laborales.
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Servicios Sociales Complementarios. (Colombia mayor).
Other Components
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Cesantías
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Subsidio Familiar
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Beneficios Económicos Periódicos – BEPS
SOCIAL SECURITY PROGRAMS
INNER-CITY ENVIRONMENTS
TRAFFIC CONGESTION
Traffic congestion: In Colombia the reality shows that there’s a high level of traffic congestion and not only in Bogota, that is the city with the biggest level of traffic problems in Colombia, in the other important cities like Medellin, Cali, Barranquilla, there’s also congestion problem. The principal cause of traffic is the low level of tracks in the cities, and also, that there are processes of works in the tracks, but principally and it’s a problem most viewed in Medellin and Bogota, is the big increase of the use of particular vehicles, and reduction of use in the public transportation.
The cities are taking actions like stimulate the use of bicycles, implement “Pico y placa” to bikes. That’s are some corrective actions while implement a increment of tracks because the number of particular vehicles has tripled in the last years because for the easily to acquire a car nowadays (TLC and some economic factors).
References:
If we talk of Bogota specifically, the inner-city environment is very changing, the level of micro traffic, thefts, and intolerance cases is really high in the Centre of the country, so the movements of illegal and danger activities is sol frequent, it’s also a consequence of the high level of visits that have the sector, the big mayor of museums, historic centers, universities, commercial areas, and in general many people goes to that specific sector of the city, So that increase the possibility of theft, micro traffic and so on, create a heavy environment in the city.
References:
festyles: In general, Colombia is considered a country that have a high level of entrepreneurship and a big and interesting characteristic that Colombian people have is that are so recursive people, for this reason, for example medicine in Colombia is a big and well known industry in the world, here medicals doesn’t have the tools that an American medical have, so here people think more, in united states for example many of the doctors just control medical machines and that’s all, that’s not the case of Colombia.
In general people in Colombia is very cheerful and uncomplicated, workers and visionary specifically in the cities or urban areas, really hard workers but with low vision in the rural sectors; a Colombian average usually work 8 hours, then goes to their house or to eat something out and in the weekend go out his or her city to a pacific place or go to celebrate with their friends, that’s the normal lifestyle of Colombian people, that’s because the disposable income of the Colombian people is increasing, so they have the opportunity to change the consuming habits; and other important reason is that the middle class is increasing too, the consuming, is increasing as a consequence of that.
LIFESTYLES
ATTITUDES TOWARD BUSSINES
The attitude that people have in terms of businesses can be the show of motivational level that people have when they’re in the businesses environment, a way to verify the attitude that people have, is the level of entrepreneurship that a society have, if it’s high can show us that the attitude is good and vice versa.
In Colombia, we can see that these entrepreneurship level is high compared with the rest of Latin America, and the world, Colombia is in the four place in the good attitude to the entrepreneurship and in general in good attitude to the businesses in general, that’s an study made by Amway, Universidad del Rosario Munich university y GJK, the International Centre for Social Responsibility and Sustainability, Bmlab and Kreab.
The table show us that Colombia have a good place in terms of new companies, the problem that it show us is that almost 50% of the new companies fall down in the first three years, by unknown, scared, or low planning, that the real challenge, accomplish that startups stay in the market and can be a well-established companies, it’s not matter of attitude, is more unknown and low planning to the challenges that a startup have.
References:
SOCIAL, CULTURAL, DEMOGRAPHIC, AND NATURAL ENVIROMENT
CHILDBEARING RATES
Total fertility rate represents the number of children that would be born to a woman if she were to live to the end of her childbearing years and bear children in accordance with current age-specific fertility rates.
In the graph given by the World Bank, the fertility rate in 1990 in Colombia was 3% of children per woman. But it has been found that has decreased significantly as shown in the graphic to less than 2 %, this is due to the large independence that has taken the role of women in the last few years, also to sexually transmitted diseases, among other problems. Due to the reduction of fertility in Colombia can clearly be negative for business Colombians already affecting the target market and also to your potential customers in the future.
NUMBER OF DIVORCES
And it was reported that 10,300 civil marriages and 4,322 divorces were registered in the notary's offices in Bogota. In proportion, by every divorce that is recorded, is also writing 2.3 civil marriages; and although Bogota is the city in which more is protocolizan civil marriages, this Act had a negative variation leaving register 151 acts, i.e., the number of marriages celebrated in notary's offices they decreased 2.30% in the capital.
NUMBER OF MARRIAGES
In the past 30 years, the period in which most marriages were recorded was 1995, 156.424 records. Only 57.367 were recorded between January and November, 2011, i.e. about 100,000 less that 15 years ago. People married less and less"is a phrase that is heard on a regular basis, and Registrar of marriage in Colombia figures thus confirm it. And is that although the number of marriages that occur on average each year has increased over the past three decades, when crossing this growth with the projection of the population census has to increase faster than the number of Colombians to the vital records of marriage.
NUMBER OF BIRTHS
If we look at the evolution of the birth rate in Colombia we see that it has fallen on 2012, which was 16.39%, as occurs when compared to 2003, in which the birth rate was 19.87%.
References:
In 2013 were born in Colombia 649.742 children of which 333.299, the 51.29% were males and 316.443, the 48.70%, women. In 2013 were born 26729 children less than in 2012, so the number of births has fallen a 3.95%.
NUMBER OF DEATHS
At the end of 2014, nearly four of every thousand inhabitants of Bogota will have died. So happened in the capital during the past few years, and the trend has not changed. Total 29,000 people fewer be walking the streets, using transport systems, in emergency rooms or riding bike in the bike lane on Sunday.
According to Mauricio Bustamante, Secretary of health, most died by bad habits says: "talk about mortality makes sense if it is determined what is avoidable mortality: all deaths of persons under 70 years of chronic illnesses can be avoided".
LIFE EXPENTANCY RATES
If we look at the evolution of the Life expectancy in Colombia in the last years, we see that it has risen with regard to 2012 in which he was 73,63 years old, the equal one of what happens with regard to 2003, in which it was in 71,78 years.
PER CAPITA INCOME
The average growth of the productive activity for the period was 4,3 per cent, number superior to the period previous and bigger than the historical average of the Colombian economy.
AVERAGE DISPONSABLE INCOME
As we can see in the graphic, the disposable income of the country have been decreasing in the last years, that’s principally because for the last years we have presented a deficit in terms of import and exports, also, the costs that the country have had by “El Niño” phenomenon have been really big, that have make that some money of the disposable income goes to subsidies, or help to the primary producers because for the situation that they’re living of drought.
For the personal disposable income have been affected because for the increase of prices in the family budget, the deceleration of the industry to reduce consume and inflation, and also the payment of financial debts have made that the disposable income in Colombia have been reduced.
References:
TRUST IN GOVERNMENT
Trust in government: The level of trust that Colombia have to the government and more specifically to the political parties is really low, according to a study made by Universidad de los Andes and “El Tiempo” Colombia is into the first places of the countries that less trust in the political parties.
If we see the graph, by 2011, the level of trust in the governmental institutions were high compared with the rest of Latin America, it was because in Colombia a big part of the society trust completely in the president Alvaro Uribe Velez, by 2011 he delegated the power to his allied and Candidate Juan Manuel Santos, by this date, the level of trust in the government were high, nowadays id really reduced.
In terms of economy the level of trust is much better, in and study made in Nielsen show that the level of trust in the Colombian economy is superior that the Latin America average, Colombia present 93 points and Latin America 83 points.
References:
ATTITUDES TOWARD WORK
ATTITUDES TOWARD GOVERNMENT
Attitudes toward government: in terms of democracy, that is one of the principal aspects that have the population to be listened by the government and as a result a tool of contact between government and population, there’s a level of 31% of people that is conform with the respect and the democracy management the other 69% is not conform, that show us that the relation between government and people is not good, things like insecurity, increase of level of the intern conflict, fiscal and monetary management of the government and banks that doesn’t let the Colombian average to grow make that the relation between these two parts of a society be tense.
References:
Colombia is divided by two sectors, the sector that want to grow and the sector that want to survive. The first sector can be founded in the cities, entrepreneurship people, that search opportunities that want to be someone and work for that, the level is relatively high in terms of motivation and eager to grow, but people with that profile is really reduced, small in the population, the second sector (people that wants to survive) is the domain of the country, we can find these kind of people in towns, and more than all, in the Caribbean and pacific zone, is people that doesn’t like to work, they are happy wining the minimum salary, or going to the river, fishing 3 fish, sell 2, eat 1 and the rest of the day stay in house sleeping and that’s all. In general, people is reluctant to work, the lazy wins against the economic grow.
References:
ETHICAL CONCERNS
BUYING HABITS
Buying habits: In the last years, the buying and consuming habits in Colombia have changed principally for the technology wave that have invaded the country thank to economic agreements like TLC with different countries and many other factor that have made that the Colombian doesn’t consume equal and the same things that years before.
An important factor that is evident is that the trend now is not to cook; people eat outside of their homes, so they spend less money in products of the family budget and spend this money in personal tastes of investing in other things, less in food.
Another important factor is related with the low spend in food, as people have “more money” that have created a high speed in consume, brands are giving us different products all the time. A clear example is the smartphones industry, normally, Samsung or apple market smartphones all the time, and maybe my actual smartphone is good, but I want the latest edition because for the status, luxury or simply the consume culture.}
References:
http://www.sura.com/blogs/mujeres/habitos-consumo-colombia.aspx
http://www.elespectador.com/noticias/economia/colombianos-cambian-habitos-de-compra-articulo-445629
Ethical concerns: The ethical concerns in our country is an important topic because based on that, we can execute and make all the political, economic, social and cultural activities by the good way, unfortunately, the level of unethical actions and corrupt actions in Colombia is really high, and that’s not only in the middle and low sectors of the country, in the high sector is a big problem that we present because, basically we’re been directed by people without professional and rational ethic.
References:
ATTITUDES TOWARD SAVING
In Colombia the practice of saving is reduced, is true that it have been increasing along the years, but it’s not enough, 39% of Colombian people doesn’t save, it’s a date from 2014 the level of saving have increasing until actual date, but what really worry is that a 37% of people that save have these saves in their homes, reducing or eliminating the activity of the economy and the financial entities.
For 2014, as a PIB percentage, in Colombia people save 22, 6% is a big increase from the 2003 that was 5%. If we compare that percentage with the world Colombia is better than many developed country including France (17, 5%), EEUU (17, 5%), and United Kingdom (10, 9%); that’s an important fact that Colombia has been improving along the years.
Some factors why people don’t save are No culture of saving and wasteful consumption, the social and economic inequality, low economic growth.
References:
ATTITUDE TOWARD FOREIGN PEOPLE
Migration Department Colombia shows a figure more than 10 million passengers to and from Colombia in 2013. The inputs to the country accounted for 49.24% of the migratory movement, and foreign movements amounted to 34.15%, a total of 1,840,242 foreign entries.
Then the reason for the inputs and outputs of Colombians and foreigners evidence. It evidencing that the biggest reason that foreigners come to Colombia's tourism. (Departamento Administrativo Nacional de Estadísticas DANE, 2014).
According to the section of cultural activity of the Bank of the Republic, the Colombian vary in their attitude towards foreigners. Aware of the advantage would mean increasing the population for their country and progress brought by foreigners, they are enthusiastic about immigration. The friendliness towards foreigners is natural in most Colombians according to several testimonies, but upper classes who profess an aversion, an attitude that is both the focal point of his political thought. Several root causes of such an aversion. One of them is felt by Colombians offense in their national pride caused by severe opinion for many travelers who criticize the weaknesses of the popular character. Other causes are motivating humiliation and loss, possibly sometimes unfair, inflicted on Colombia as a result of complaints by European residents due to damage caused to their property by the Colombian authorities. But usually foreigners have an unforgettable experience at the treatment that is offered in the country.
References:
SOCIAL PROGRAMS
Technological advances and general science currently intended that human development go hand in hand with the preservation of a healthy environment.
The processes involved in the generation and transport of energy required design and restitution programs to mitigate the impact generated during construction activities, adaptation and implementation of works.
Law 99 of 1993 and the National Code of Natural Resources and specifically environmental permits and environmental management plans indicate how much money should be invested enterprises in action to reverse the effects that is caused by using land or water sources in developing its industrial function.
An important issue is the transfer of the electricity sector resulting from the generation. Law 99, Article 45, dictates that companies should go to the municipalities of the basins of the reservoirs and the associated corporations, 6 percent of gross sales, 3 percent distributed to municipalities on January 1, 5 reservoirs and the remaining 1.5 for watershed, which also adds to the conservation of these resources. (Arias, 2011)
ENERGY CONSERVATION
Social problems that drives the national government must contain two key areas: employment generation and poverty reduction, initiatives must pass through the filter to be approved. Some of these initiatives are: From zero to forever Community Mothers More Families in Action and Youth in Action. The state has a long-term vision aimed at reducing poverty and promoting employment and equity.
Bogotá regarding social programs are focused on education, leading a social transformation in the city. In order to ensure that new and future generations with greater opportunities and that children and young people fully develop their talents and potential, the Ministry of Education established the priority challenges for government public education better for all five-axis Bogotá strategic: early childhood education quality, access and permanence, only time and access to quality higher education.
NUMBER OF CHURCHES MEMBERS
NUMBER OF CHURCHES
Religions in Bogotá:
Bogotá as the capital of Colombia has lots of churches and religions.
In Bogotá you can find people and places for prayer and reflection as:
• Catholic Churches as the main religious belief, brought by the Spaniards.
• Evangelical churches or evangelical movement.
• Pentecostalism (United Pentecostal Church of Colombia).
• Neopentecostalism (Church of God Ministry of Jesus Christ International, International Charismatic Mission, World Revival Center).
• Protestantism is a belief that has a small portion of Seventh-day Adventists, Lutherans, Presbyterians, Methodists and Baptists.
• Jehovah's Witnesses.
• The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints
• Anglican Communion - belonging to the Episcopal Church in Colombia.
• Islam. Buddhism. Judaism are religions of the Far East.
• Orthodox Church.
(Culture, Recreation and Sports of Bogota)
The main religions are Catholicism in Colombia with 87.3% of the population, or Evangelical Protestantism with 11.5%. There are also large clusters of members of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, Seventh-day Adventists, Jehovah's Witnesses, Jews, Muslims, Hindus, Gnostics, among others.
(Diplomatic Information Office of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Cooperation, 2015)
Without a doubt the social, cultural, demographic and natural environment forces are having a great impact in terms of products, services, markets and customers, due to changes that have been visible in recent decades as childbearing rates, attitutes towards work and product,lifestyles, among others.
ATTITUDES TOWARD CAREERS
Social Responsibility in the food industry has certain peculiarities, the first born of his own essence and the function of its product in society: Feeding. And there comes the first orientation, the product regardless of its nature must meet the social function of power responsibly, with no impact on a decline in sales.
The second possible direction is to go beyond the law in production and operational issues, the result of this investment that can sometimes seem high, it will be a reduction in costs in the medium and long-term financial sustainability facilitate business and improve the level of impact produced by the company in environmental conditions, which by the nature of business are the main providers and guarantors of existence.
The third is to strengthen its supply chain, usually in the food industry there are many suppliers of technological knowledge and limited business, strengthening organizational and personal skills providers to improve the quality of raw materials and services offered by them, and can generate alternative mechanisms that transcend loyalty to the policies of price and payment fluctuate during times of crisis.
It is intended to invite industry to develop educational strategies that flaunt the benefits of healthy intake of this nutrient; and also contribute to the sustainability of the business, can demonstrate a social balance in terms of the impact on health promotion and disease prevention. (Suárez, 2013)
SOCIAL RESPONSABILITY
Social problems that drives the national government must contain two key areas: employment generation and poverty reduction, initiatives must pass through the filter to be approved. Some of these initiatives are: From zero to forever Community Mothers More Families in Action and Youth in Action. The state has a long-term vision aimed at reducing poverty and promoting employment and equity.
Bogotá regarding social programs are focused on education, leading a social transformation in the city. In order to ensure that new and future generations with greater opportunities and that children and young people fully develop their talents and potential, the Ministry of Education established the priority challenges for government public education better for all five-axis Bogotá strategic: early childhood education quality, access and permanence, only time and access to quality higher education.
POPULATION RATE BY RACE, AGE, SEX AND LEVEL OF AFFLUENCE
Population rate by race
The 1912 Population Census identified both Colombian populations as an Indian, using the criterion of race to determine the ethnic population. This census showed 6.8% as a result of indigenous and Afro population 6.4. By 1918, the IX Population Census used the perception of the interviewer to know the indigenous black population and physical traits and thus was able to capture the ethnic groups at that time was estimated to be 6% of the total.
With respect to the 2005 census, it was found that reside in Colombia indigenous 1,392,623 corresponding to 3.43% of the population; the afrocolombianos33 are 4,311,757 people, 10.62% of the total and the Rom or gypsy village is made up of 4,858 people representing 0.01% of the total population, which means that the Colombian population was recognized as belonging to an ethnic group corresponds to 14.06% of the Colombian population, the remaining 85.94% was not considered belonging to none of the above ethnic groups.
The indigenous population is young, 40% of the population is under 15 years. The age group has a higher concentration of population is zero to four years, followed by the group of 5-9 years. Comparing the indigenous population with other populations shows that this ethnic group has a higher proportion of younger population and consequently a lower proportion of older population. High rates of birth and death are evident.
The Afro-Colombian population has a similar structure of the national population; the smallest African population aged 15 represents a third of the population, however, the percentage of population groups 0-4 years, and 5-9 years is a little larger than the respective age groups for nationwide total. The age groups of the population under age 15 are very similar percentage of the population which may mean that infant mortality in this population it is less than that observed in the indigenous or born in this population proportionately fewer children in the indigenous population.
The ROM has a population aging process greater than that presented in the national population and Afro-Colombians. missing population are evident in some age groups, especially in the male population aged 25 to 34, which can be caused by migration processes or non-recognition as ROM in the census population. The high volume of people in the age group 20 to 24 years may be due to poor age reporting. (DIRECCIÓN DE CENSOS Y DEMOGRAFÍA, 2007)
TAKEN FROM:
DIRECCIÓN DE CENSOS Y DEMOGRAFÍA. (Mayo de 2007). DANE. Recuperado el 12 de Febrero de 2016, de DANE: http://www.dane.gov.co/files/censo2005/etnia/sys/colombia_nacion.pdf
By age
Since the late twentieth century in Colombia, the demographic transition has been determined by the decrease in mortality and fertility transition. This transition has historically been characterized by a decrease in mortality in the thirties and a decrease in fertility from the sixties of the twentieth century, which affected the aging population; evidence of this process is the increase in the rate of population growth as age cohorts. In Colombia, it shows how mortality declined before birth, causing other demographic changes. Thus, in the early twentieth century, a crude death rate of 23.5 ‰ in the 50s down to 22 ‰ and the period from 1951 to 1964 it had, the period from 1985 to 1993 increased from 13 ‰ to 7.2 ‰. For 2010-2015, a rate of 5.7 ‰ is calculated. In this context it is important to note the decrease in infant mortality, increased life expectancy at birth and improving social development indicators. Infant mortality fell from 186 ‰ in the early twentieth century to 150 ‰ in 1951; for 2000 was 25.6 ‰, and in 2010 came to 17.1 ‰ (DANE 2012). The aging index defined as the weight of the adult population with regard to children and adolescents has tripled in the last decades. 10 went to 34 (seniors per 100 persons under 15 years) between 1964 and 2010, and in accordance with the observed trend, keep sustained increases in the near future. Increases both the volume and the relative weight of the population have been evident in recent years. This is evident when comparing, for example, the population aged 60 and over from 1985 to 2005, which went from 2.1 to 3.8 million people respectively, which represents an increase of 78% of this population. (Ministerio de Salud y Protección Social, 2013). Two facts emerge in analyzing the information. The first is that the pyramid is reversing; this means that a small population of working age must meet the demands of a higher number of older adults. The second is that, reviewing these forecasts between 2015 and 2050, the population over 70 years will increase from 4.3% of the total population, 13.8%. (Dinero, 2015)
TAKEN FROM:
Dinero. (2015). Bomba demográfica. Dinero.
Ministerio de Salud y Protección Social. (Abril de 2013). Ministerio de Salud. Recuperado el 12 de Febrero de 2016, de Ministerio de Salud: https://www.minsalud.gov.co/sites/rid/Lists/BibliotecaDigital/RIDE/DE/PS/Envejecimiento-demografico-Colombia-1951-2020.pdf
By sex
Longevity is higher for women for biological reasons. The difference in life expectancy between men and women is between 3 and 6 years in most countries. In Colombia, the violence is determining a male over the age of mortality in young adults, and this affects a large differential in life expectancy. The violence.
In the immediate future is worrisome social security of women, for the following reasons: a) exclusion of men from the labor market and therefore of social security; b) access for women to the labor market in ever more precarious conditions, flexible and without social security; c) family crisis socioeconomic, cultural and violence reasons that increase the number of women heads of family households split or incomplete; d) the work cycle women hardly allowed to accumulate the required time and contribute enough to retire, even more so when times are not continuous work and age and contribution requirements increase; e) The adverse financial situation of social security public and the gradual privatization of the system. (CEPAL, 2002)
The participation of women in the conformation of Congress has reached its highest representation in 2010 to reach 13.10% in that year, being the year 2006, the lowest percentage of women elected with 10.4%. In 2002 the number of women elected to Congress was 34, equivalent to 12.69% of elected members. In 2006, 28 women came to Congress, meaning that the total percentage of female representation reached 10.4% of Congress, being 11.76% and 9.69% in the Senate in the House of Representatives. By 2010 the figure reached 35 percent in 2006 exceeded going from 10.4% to 13.10% representation. In Senate it reached 15.68% and 11.51% Chamber. At each election the number of women registered as candidates, from 165 in 2002 to 475 in 2006 is increased, reaching 510 in 2010. (Registraduría Nacional del Estado Civil)
TAKEN FROM:
CEPAL. (31 de Octubre de 2002). CEPAL. Recuperado el 12 de Febrero de 2016, de CEPAL: http://www.cepal.org/mujer/noticias/noticias/1/11151/tendencias.pdf
Registraduría Nacional del Estado Civil. (s.f.). Registraduría Nacional del Estado Civil. Recuperado el 12 de Febrero de 2016, de Registraduría Nacional del Estado Civil: http://www.registraduria.gov.co/Aumenta-la-participacion-de-la.html
Level of affluence
Capitalism has increased the concentration of wealth by a few. In Colombia the issue is even worse, according to research by Ricardo Rocha Garcia and published by the National Planning Department (DNP) has worsened by drug trafficking. The traditional measure of inequality is the Gini coefficient, in which 0 is perfect equality and 1 is total inequality. This Colombia remains at 0.5, making it the third country in the region, after Haiti and Brazil, with the worst results.
However, there are other calculations that showcase inequality. Palma is the case index, which for Colombia is located at 4%. Roberto Angle, a researcher on the subject, explained that this means that 10% of the richest population earns four times more than the poorest 40%, Compared to the region, only it surpassed by Honduras and Bolivia.
Rocha Garcia explains that drug trafficking was one of the main causes of persistent high levels of inequality, because before the decade of the 70 major reductions they were then in the 80's the figure, which remains soared. The point is that the drug trade has created an economic environment of informality, where the 'capos' focused from the entrance to the property. Precisely informality has been rated as one of the causes of economic growth is not reflected in all corners of the country. That is another of the structural problems of the national economy, as reaches 48.5% of the employed, according to figures to May this year. (María Alejandra Sanchez, 2014)
The international organization Oxfam denounced in a report released Monday that rich elites are divided political power to manipulate the rules of the economic game, undermining democracy and creating a world in which the richest 85 people accumulate as much wealth as half the world's poorest people together. Rule for the elite, published on the eve of the World Economic Forum to be held this week in Davos, details the detrimental impact that growing inequality has both in developed countries and those developing, allowing the richest people undermine democratic processes and develop policies that favor their interests at the expense of the rest of the world. The report said, however, people are increasingly aware of this hoarding of power. Surveys conducted by Oxfam in six countries (Brazil, India, South Africa, Spain, United Kingdom and United States) show that the majority of respondents think that the laws are biased in favor of the wealthiest. (DINERO, 2014).
TAKEN FROM:
DINERO. (2014). 1% de la población controla el 46% de la riqueza. DINERO.
María Alejandra Sanchez. (2014). 10 cifras económicas que explican por qué Colombia tiene alta desigualdad. DINERO.
POPULATION BY COUNTRY
POPULATION RATE BY CITY
Colombian attitudes toward power and authority are very mixed and run the gamut. Clearly, large numbers of Colombians fragrantly break the law, most notably those involved with the drugs cartel and the armed youths, known as sicarios (assassins), who have qualms gunning down police officer, or anyone else for that matter, on the streets of Medellin. On the other hand, most Colombians are decent, law-abiding citizens who display a healthy respect for authority but particularly if it has to do anything to do with the Catholic Church.
As in many Latin American countries, hierarchy is a defining feature of most aspects of Colombian life. Matriarch and patriarch still rule family units, with the influence of the other members of the family dependent of their age. In the business world, those are the top of the hierarchy are revered, and visiting business people will get along better if they respect the structure of local companies. (ATMA Gobal and CultureQuest Business, 2013)
ATTITUDES TOWARD AUTHORITY
According to the account the period between 1993 - 2005, the population in the municipalities has grown by 31.2 percent; while in the period from 1985 to 1993 did 25.7 percent, which shows the strong urbanization in the last twelve years before the General Census 2005. However, this process is quite heterogeneous in terms of each of the local authorities, which shows the effects of a series of regional factors generated by changes in sub regional migratory flows, differential dynamics determined. Indeed, the trend in population growth in Colombia and political-administrative division is quite telling of the phenomenon of urbanization, a process that has determined the rapid growth of the major cities, as well as close to them, so defining a special dynamic of population flows determined by factors of labor, forced displacement, study, costs of goods and services, among others, are important factors in the growth of target municipalities; reduction in source and, therefore, they are generators determining effects on the spatial distribution of the population.
These disparities in regional dynamics generate different degrees of development that can be defined as follows:
- High concentration of population in headers: those that contain 80 percent and more of the total departmental population, In the case of Bogotá (99.8 percent), Valle del Cauca (86.6 percent), the Atlantic (95.1 percent) and Quindio (86.6 percent).
- Media concentration - high population in headers: Range from 60 to 80 percent of total departmental population. Most departments are distributed as follows: Risaralda (77.2 percent), Norte de Santander (77.1 percent), Antioquia (76.6 percent), Bolivar (75.6 percent) Santander (73.6 percent), Meta (73.4 percent), San Andres (71.6 percent), Caldas (71.2 percent), Cesar (71.1 percent), Casanare (69.7 percent), Magdalena (69, 1 percent), Arauca (68.4 percent), Tolima (66.5 percent), Cundinamarca (64.7 percent), Sucre (63.8 percent) and Guaviare (62.2 percent).
- Average concentration of population headers: Range from 50 to 60 percent of total provincial population. Huila (59.7 percent), Caqueta (56.4 percent), La Guajira 54.9 percent), Vaupés 52.3 percent), Boyaca (52.2 percent), Cordoba (50 are located, 5 percent) and Choco (50.1 percent).
- Low concentration of population headers: Less than 50 percent of the total departmental population: This category Putumayo (46.4 percent), Nariño (46.0 percent), Amazonas (44.6 percent are located), Cauca (38.9 percent) Vichada (38.1 percent) and Guainía (36.0 percent).
(Edgar Sardi Perea, CANDANE, 2006)
Migration towards Colombia has been more limited and the presence of foreigners within the country has increased only in the last ten years, pursuant to greater investor confidence. Regarding the situation of migrants in Colombia, the data identifies a total of 109,971 persons from other countries such as the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela, Ecuador, the United States and Spain; the number of immigrants in the country corresponds to 0.27 per cent of the total population (DANE, 2005). The share by region of origin is: South America (43.3%), North America (31.2%), Central America and the Caribbean (13.8%) and Europe (11%). The continents/areas with the lowest participation are Asia, Oceania and Africa. The number of recent migrants has declined as compared to the overall population at each census taking, from an immigration rate of 4 per thousand according to the 1993 Census, to 2 per thousand in the 2005 Census (DAS, DANE, IOM, 2007). Per the United Nations report on migrant populations by country, the estimated number of immigrants in Colombia through 2005 was 109,953; the projection for 2010 was calculated at 110,297 (United Nations, 2009). However, according to World Bank data (Ratha and Shaw, 2007), the number of immigrants in Colombia in 2005 was 122,713. Estimates by the Development Research Centre on Migration indicate that there are 115,331 people from other countries living in Colombia (DRC, 2007). According to both sources, the countries with the highest number of nationals in Colombia are the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela, the United States and Ecuador.
According to the various information sources, the causes of Colombian migration abroad are mainly economic, followed by family-related causes, and, less frequently, by security considerations. This profile evidences a loss of human capital and shows how a significant number of educationally qualified Colombians have emigrated from the country. Moreover, as seen in the Medina and Posso study (2009), there are minimal opportunities for return of highly qualified personnel. The probability of return increases as the training level and type of employment enters the second tier: a labour force or range of people engaged in different tasks that do not require advanced training. Two projects aimed at ameliorating the effects of this loss bear mention: the Colombia Nos Une Programme and the RedEsColombia Portal, a technological platform that seeks to create an interactive virtual space where Colombian migrants can connect with their families, business partners, civil society, and government, among others, to strengthen national ties. Taking into account these various studies on Colombian migration, it can be concluded that the migration is predominantly economic, comprised of migrants searching for labour opportunities and better income. Some of the factors that characterize this type of migration are the average age of migrants, the amount of remittances sent to Colombia, the economic situation at the time the decision to migrate occurred, the construction and consolidation of social networks, and the educational level of migrants. Regarding refugees, the 2009 report of the United Nations High Commission for Refugees (UNHCR) evidences that requests by Colombians for international protection have decreased compared to previous years. Colombia is also a country of origin, transit and destination for trafficking in persons. It has committed to the prevention and combating of this phenomenon, and has strengthened the policy and the legal framework against this crime in compliance with international instruments. One example of this is Law 985 of 2005, which proposes a strategy to develop State policy to combat internal and external trafficking in persons in order to reduce this scourge. The strategy has four tenets: 1) Prevention, 2) Protection and assistance to victims and witnesses, 3) International cooperation to combat trafficking in persons and 4) Investigation and prosecution. In addition, COAT (the Operational Assistance Centre for Human Trafficking) has been created. It is a joint effort between international cooperation agencies and the Colombian Government to assist victims of, prevent, and document the issue of human trafficking. (Clemencia Ramírez, Marcela Zuluaga, Clara Perilla, 2010)
POPULATION BY STATE
ATTITUDES TOWARD INVESTING
SEX ROLES
Currently in Colombia sex roles have changed due to the the population is growing so fast, meaning that the roles that are play in Colombia are more equal. Basicly nowadays woman role in society is crucial because according to science they are multitasking people, so they are attractive to companies. Nevertheless men role is still as important as the women’s just that men have more common sense and find solution fast and easy. The current total world population is around 6.852 million people. Of this number 3.450 million people are men and 3.402 million are women.
By this element our is business is affected because many people on the streets nowadays are more open to see a girl selling something without judging and Burrito Sabanero welcome any person wants to work for us.
Colombians nowadays are more open to invest, but at the same time studies show that Colombians oftenly invest without evaluating any posible elements that could affect the investment by itself, then mostly all colombians are classified as impulsive when is about to invest, but a good fact is that in the last 5 years Colombians are willing to take risks.
This is very useful in our business because no right now but in the future there might be some investors that are willing to take the risk to make increase Burrito Sabanero on the streets and that could happen through the selling of franchises.
Colombianos son inversionistas confiados, según estudio. (2012). Portafolio,1.
RACIAL EQUALITY
Colombia nowadays has about 4 to 5 different ethnical groups withing its territory. By many governmental programs Bogota is trying to reduce racial discrimination. Through the political constitution many laws go forward to equity, equality, tolerance and the recognition and the importance of the ethnical groups in the society.
Burrito Sabanero goes with its philosophy that is being a family so all people that are directly or indirectly involved are welcome to believe or be part of any religión or ethnical groups, therefore all of them rights are respected.
The world factbook. (updated:2016). Retrieved febrero 14, 2016 from
https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbooks/geos/co.html
USE OF BIRTH CONTROL
In Colombia there is not actual law that regulates the birth control, but there are plenty campaigns that suggest to citizen how to be responsable when is about bringing new lifes. In 2005 the national total of mothers having children spent an average of 2.48 which with the passing of the years has been declining. At this time the Chocó and Amazon are the areas which are currently the highest number of children per mother average due to economic resources with an index of 4.0 in average per mother.
In the industry this can impact negativly if the number of members per family is higher, means that there might be less time to dedícate to the business but at the same time the target of our business is Young people, then by having many children make the society younger and as a consequence the consume of our service and product will be more demanded.
AVARAGE LEVEL OF EDUCATION
The total literate population in Colombia is 93,6%, male: 93,5% and female 93,7%. (People age 15 and over can read and write).
The level of education in Colombia has increased through the years, but it is important for young people to reach a higher education level, not just middle school, which is the common level of education for Colombian population.
In Burrito Sabanero we believe that all employees have to be capable to do an excellent job. Through capacitations we want to grow a seed in every people who are on the business to give the same fruit.
Taken from: http://www.dane.gov.co/index.php/educacion-cultura-y-gobierno/poblacion-escolarizada/89-sociales
ATTITUDES TOWARD RETIREMENT
The total literate population in Colombia is 93,6%, male: 93,5% and female 93,7%. (People age 15 and over can read and write).
The level of education in Colombia has increased through the years, but it is important for young people to reach a higher education level, not just middle school, which is the common level of education for Colombian population.
In Burrito Sabanero we believe that all employees have to be capable to do an excellent job. Through capacitations we want to grow a seed in every people who are on the business to give the same fruit.
Taken from: http://www.dane.gov.co/index.php/educacion-cultura-y-gobierno/poblacion-escolarizada/89-sociales
ATTITUDES TOWARD RETIREMENT
By the gender this ítem is classified the roles of women and men’s. There is evidence that women tend to spend more time with different things to paid work. Compared to men women have less than four hours difference with women engaged in unpaid work. This shows that man is still the one that works more, compared with women who continue to engage in domestic household duties.
When we talk about free time is the momento that people use to have lunch, do some duties that are not related to work, then in our business is crutial for us to give a service fast so we do not take too much of that free time of the people but also by keeping high quality.
DANE(2015), Encuesta nacional del uso del tiempo (ENUT). Bogota
POLLUTION CONTROL
The behavior of the Colombian consumer is fluctuating too much lately, therefore for many industries that has become a big deal, because they need to be constantly be studying what quality means for people, since this concept is a subjective term, then the posible behavior or attitude of customers about quality depends on how well the colombian industry understand what necessities are.
This affect us directly , because people today are looking for simplicity and fast food plays a tremendous role here, however people have in their minds tht simplicity is not finding some place to eat just because they need to sabe money and time, but also they need quality and that is what Burrito Sabanero brings.
ATTITUDES TOWARD PRODUCT AND SERVICE QUALITY
Pollution control is very important in industrial and economic activities in general, as they are often invasive by using raw materials from nature. The pollution prevention implies considering all the preventive measures to avoid the emission of toxics to the environment.
Waste Minimization: Accompanied by a reduction in emissions, allocate new cycles of life through proper waste treatment also helps reduce the environmental impact of economic activity performed.
With this our company will be affected positivly because we want not only to give an excellent producto r service, but also to give the comfortability of the enviroment and in general of everything.
Taken from: http://www.alcaldiadebogota.gov.co/sisjur/normas
